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package javax.mail.util;

import java.io.*;
import javax.mail.internet.SharedInputStream;

/**
 * A <code>SharedFileInputStream</code> is a
 * <code>BufferedInputStream</code> that buffers
 * data from the file and supports the <code>mark</code>
 * and <code>reset</code> methods.  It also supports the
 * <code>newStream</code> method that allows you to create
 * other streams that represent subsets of the file.
 * A <code>RandomAccessFile</code> object is used to
 * access the file data. <p>
 *
 * Note that when the SharedFileInputStream is closed,
 * all streams created with the <code>newStream</code>
 * method are also closed.  This allows the creator of the
 * SharedFileInputStream object to control access to the
 * underlying file and ensure that it is closed when
 * needed, to avoid leaking file descriptors.  Note also
 * that this behavior contradicts the requirements of
 * SharedInputStream and may change in a future release.
 *
 * @author  Bill Shannon
 * @since   JavaMail 1.4
 */
public class SharedFileInputStream extends BufferedInputStream
				implements SharedInputStream {

    private static int defaultBufferSize = 2048;

    /**
     * The file containing the data.
     * Shared by all related SharedFileInputStreams.
     */
    protected RandomAccessFile in;

    /**
     * The normal size of the read buffer.
     */
    protected int bufsize;

    /**
     * The file offset that corresponds to the first byte in
     * the read buffer.
     */
    protected long bufpos;

    /**
     * The file offset of the start of data in this subset of the file.
     */
    protected long start = 0;

    /**
     * The amount of data in this subset of the file.
     */
    protected long datalen;

    /**
     * True if this is a top level stream created directly by "new".
     * False if this is a derived stream created by newStream.
     */
    private boolean master = true;

    /**
     * A shared class that keeps track of the references
     * to a particular file so it can be closed when the
     * last reference is gone.
     */
    static class SharedFile {
	private int cnt;
	private RandomAccessFile in;

	SharedFile(String file) throws IOException {
	    this.in = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r");
	}

	SharedFile(File file) throws IOException {
	    this.in = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r");
	}

	public synchronized RandomAccessFile open() {
	    cnt++;
	    return in;
	}

	public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
	    if (cnt > 0 && --cnt <= 0)
		in.close();
	}

	public synchronized void forceClose() throws IOException {
	    if (cnt > 0) {
		// normal case, close exceptions propagated
		cnt = 0;
		in.close();
	    } else {
		// should already be closed, ignore exception
		try {
		    in.close();
		} catch (IOException ioex) { }
	    }
	}

	@Override
	protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
	    try {
		in.close();
	    } finally {
		super.finalize();
	    }
	}
    }

    private SharedFile sf;

    /**
     * Check to make sure that this stream has not been closed
     */
    private void ensureOpen() throws IOException {
	if (in == null)
	    throw new IOException("Stream closed");
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <code>SharedFileInputStream</code>
     * for the file.
     *
     * @param   file   the file
     * @exception IOException for errors opening the file
     */
    public SharedFileInputStream(File file) throws IOException {
	this(file, defaultBufferSize);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <code>SharedFileInputStream</code>
     * for the named file
     *
     * @param   file   the file
     * @exception IOException for errors opening the file
     */
    public SharedFileInputStream(String file) throws IOException {
	this(file, defaultBufferSize);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <code>SharedFileInputStream</code>
     * with the specified buffer size.
     *
     * @param   file	the file
     * @param   size   the buffer size.
     * @exception IOException for errors opening the file
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if size &le; 0.
     */
    public SharedFileInputStream(File file, int size) throws IOException {
	super(null);	// XXX - will it NPE?
        if (size <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Buffer size <= 0");
	init(new SharedFile(file), size);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <code>SharedFileInputStream</code>
     * with the specified buffer size.
     *
     * @param   file	the file
     * @param   size   the buffer size.
     * @exception IOException for errors opening the file
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if size &le; 0.
     */
    public SharedFileInputStream(String file, int size) throws IOException {
	super(null);	// XXX - will it NPE?
        if (size <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Buffer size <= 0");
	init(new SharedFile(file), size);
    }

    private void init(SharedFile sf, int size) throws IOException {
	this.sf = sf;
	this.in = sf.open();
	this.start = 0;
	this.datalen = in.length();	// XXX - file can't grow
	this.bufsize = size;
	buf = new byte[size];
    }

    /**
     * Used internally by the <code>newStream</code> method.
     */
    private SharedFileInputStream(SharedFile sf, long start, long len,
				int bufsize) {
	super(null);
	this.master = false;
	this.sf = sf;
	this.in = sf.open();
	this.start = start;
	this.bufpos = start;
	this.datalen = len;
	this.bufsize = bufsize;
	buf = new byte[bufsize];
    }

    /**
     * Fills the buffer with more data, taking into account
     * shuffling and other tricks for dealing with marks.
     * Assumes that it is being called by a synchronized method.
     * This method also assumes that all data has already been read in,
     * hence pos > count.
     */
    private void fill() throws IOException {
	if (markpos < 0) {
	    pos = 0;		/* no mark: throw away the buffer */
	    bufpos += count;
	} else if (pos >= buf.length)	/* no room left in buffer */
	    if (markpos > 0) {	/* can throw away early part of the buffer */
		int sz = pos - markpos;
		System.arraycopy(buf, markpos, buf, 0, sz);
		pos = sz;
		bufpos += markpos;
		markpos = 0;
	    } else if (buf.length >= marklimit) {
		markpos = -1;	/* buffer got too big, invalidate mark */
		pos = 0;	/* drop buffer contents */
		bufpos += count;
	    } else {		/* grow buffer */
		int nsz = pos * 2;
		if (nsz > marklimit)
		    nsz = marklimit;
		byte nbuf[] = new byte[nsz];
		System.arraycopy(buf, 0, nbuf, 0, pos);
		buf = nbuf;
	    }
        count = pos;
	// limit to datalen
	int len = buf.length - pos;
	if (bufpos - start + pos + len > datalen)
	    len = (int)(datalen - (bufpos - start + pos));
	synchronized (in) {
	    in.seek(bufpos + pos);
	    int n = in.read(buf, pos, len);
	    if (n > 0)
		count = n + pos;
	}
    }

    /**
     * See the general contract of the <code>read</code>
     * method of <code>InputStream</code>.
     *
     * @return     the next byte of data, or <code>-1</code> if the end of the
     *             stream is reached.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized int read() throws IOException {
        ensureOpen();
	if (pos >= count) {
	    fill();
	    if (pos >= count)
		return -1;
	}
	return buf[pos++] & 0xff;
    }

    /**
     * Read characters into a portion of an array, reading from the underlying
     * stream at most once if necessary.
     */
    private int read1(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
	int avail = count - pos;
	if (avail <= 0) {
	    if (false) {
	    /* If the requested length is at least as large as the buffer, and
	       if there is no mark/reset activity, do not bother to copy the
	       bytes into the local buffer.  In this way buffered streams will
	       cascade harmlessly. */
	    if (len >= buf.length && markpos < 0) {
		// XXX - seek, update bufpos - how?
		return in.read(b, off, len);
	    }
	    }
	    fill();
	    avail = count - pos;
	    if (avail <= 0) return -1;
	}
	int cnt = (avail < len) ? avail : len;
	System.arraycopy(buf, pos, b, off, cnt);
	pos += cnt;
	return cnt;
    }

    /**
     * Reads bytes from this stream into the specified byte array,
     * starting at the given offset.
     *
     * <p> This method implements the general contract of the corresponding
     * <code>{@link java.io.InputStream#read(byte[], int, int) read}</code>
     * method of the <code>{@link java.io.InputStream}</code> class.
     *
     * @param      b     destination buffer.
     * @param      off   offset at which to start storing bytes.
     * @param      len   maximum number of bytes to read.
     * @return     the number of bytes read, or <code>-1</code> if the end of
     *             the stream has been reached.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized int read(byte b[], int off, int len)
	throws IOException
    {
        ensureOpen();
        if ((off | len | (off + len) | (b.length - (off + len))) < 0) {
	    throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
	} else if (len == 0) {
	    return 0;
	}

	int n = read1(b, off, len);
	if (n <= 0) return n;
	while ((n < len) /* && (in.available() > 0) */) {
	    int n1 = read1(b, off + n, len - n);
	    if (n1 <= 0) break;
	    n += n1;
	}
	return n;
    }

    /**
     * See the general contract of the <code>skip</code>
     * method of <code>InputStream</code>.
     *
     * @param      n   the number of bytes to be skipped.
     * @return     the actual number of bytes skipped.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized long skip(long n) throws IOException {
        ensureOpen();
	if (n <= 0) {
	    return 0;
	}
	long avail = count - pos;
     
        if (avail <= 0) {
            // If no mark position set then don't keep in buffer
	    /*
            if (markpos <0) 
                return in.skip(n);
	    */
            
            // Fill in buffer to save bytes for reset
            fill();
            avail = count - pos;
            if (avail <= 0)
                return 0;
        }
        
        long skipped = (avail < n) ? avail : n;
        pos += skipped;
        return skipped;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of bytes that can be read from this input 
     * stream without blocking. 
     *
     * @return     the number of bytes that can be read from this input
     *             stream without blocking.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized int available() throws IOException {
        ensureOpen();
	return (count - pos) + in_available();
    }

    private int in_available() throws IOException {
	// XXX - overflow
	return (int)((start + datalen) - (bufpos + count));
    }

    /** 
     * See the general contract of the <code>mark</code>
     * method of <code>InputStream</code>.
     *
     * @param   readlimit   the maximum limit of bytes that can be read before
     *                      the mark position becomes invalid.
     * @see     #reset()
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized void mark(int readlimit) {
	marklimit = readlimit;
	markpos = pos;
    }

    /**
     * See the general contract of the <code>reset</code>
     * method of <code>InputStream</code>.
     * <p>
     * If <code>markpos</code> is <code>-1</code>
     * (no mark has been set or the mark has been
     * invalidated), an <code>IOException</code>
     * is thrown. Otherwise, <code>pos</code> is
     * set equal to <code>markpos</code>.
     *
     * @exception  IOException  if this stream has not been marked or
     *               if the mark has been invalidated.
     * @see        #mark(int)
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized void reset() throws IOException {
        ensureOpen();
	if (markpos < 0)
	    throw new IOException("Resetting to invalid mark");
	pos = markpos;
    }

    /**
     * Tests if this input stream supports the <code>mark</code> 
     * and <code>reset</code> methods. The <code>markSupported</code> 
     * method of <code>SharedFileInputStream</code> returns 
     * <code>true</code>. 
     *
     * @return  a <code>boolean</code> indicating if this stream type supports
     *          the <code>mark</code> and <code>reset</code> methods.
     * @see     java.io.InputStream#mark(int)
     * @see     java.io.InputStream#reset()
     */
    @Override
    public boolean markSupported() {
	return true;
    }

    /**
     * Closes this input stream and releases any system resources 
     * associated with the stream. 
     *
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    @Override
    public void close() throws IOException {
        if (in == null)
            return;
	try {
	    if (master)
		sf.forceClose();
	    else
		sf.close();
	} finally {
	    sf = null;
	    in = null;
	    buf = null;
	}
    }

    /**
     * Return the current position in the InputStream, as an
     * offset from the beginning of the InputStream.
     *
     * @return  the current position
     */
    @Override
    public long getPosition() {
//System.out.println("getPosition: start " + start + " pos " + pos 
//	+ " bufpos " + bufpos + " = " + (bufpos + pos - start));
	if (in == null)
	    throw new RuntimeException("Stream closed");
	return bufpos + pos - start;
    }

    /**
     * Return a new InputStream representing a subset of the data
     * from this InputStream, starting at <code>start</code> (inclusive)
     * up to <code>end</code> (exclusive).  <code>start</code> must be
     * non-negative.  If <code>end</code> is -1, the new stream ends
     * at the same place as this stream.  The returned InputStream
     * will also implement the SharedInputStream interface.
     *
     * @param	start	the starting position
     * @param	end	the ending position + 1
     * @return		the new stream
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized InputStream newStream(long start, long end) {
	if (in == null)
	    throw new RuntimeException("Stream closed");
	if (start < 0)
	    throw new IllegalArgumentException("start < 0");
	if (end == -1)
	    end = datalen;
	return new SharedFileInputStream(sf,
			this.start + start, end - start, bufsize);
    }

    // for testing...
    /*
    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
	SharedFileInputStream is = new SharedFileInputStream(argv[0]);
	java.util.Random r = new java.util.Random();
	int b;
	while ((b = is.read()) >= 0) {
	    System.out.write(b);
	    if (r.nextDouble() < 0.3) {
		InputStream is2 = is.newStream(is.getPosition(), -1);
		int b2;
		while ((b2 = is2.read()) >= 0)
		    ;
	    }
	}
    }
    */

    /**
     * Force this stream to close.
     */
    @Override
    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
	super.finalize();
	close();
    }
}
