//
//  ========================================================================
//  Copyright (c) 1995-2019 Mort Bay Consulting Pty. Ltd.
//  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
//  are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
//  and Apache License v2.0 which accompanies this distribution.
//
//      The Eclipse Public License is available at
//      http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
//
//      The Apache License v2.0 is available at
//      http://www.opensource.org/licenses/apache2.0.php
//
//  You may elect to redistribute this code under either of these licenses.
//  ========================================================================
//

package org.eclipse.jetty.client.util;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;

import org.eclipse.jetty.client.AsyncContentProvider;
import org.eclipse.jetty.client.Synchronizable;
import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.ContentProvider;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpField;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpFields;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeader;
import org.eclipse.jetty.io.RuntimeIOException;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Callback;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.Log;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.Logger;

/**
 * <p>A {@link ContentProvider} for form uploads with the {@code "multipart/form-data"}
 * content type.</p>
 * <p>Example usage:</p>
 * <pre>
 * MultiPartContentProvider multiPart = new MultiPartContentProvider();
 * multiPart.addFieldPart("field", new StringContentProvider("foo"), null);
 * multiPart.addFilePart("icon", "img.png", new PathContentProvider(Paths.get("/tmp/img.png")), null);
 * multiPart.close();
 * ContentResponse response = client.newRequest("localhost", connector.getLocalPort())
 *         .method(HttpMethod.POST)
 *         .content(multiPart)
 *         .send();
 * </pre>
 * <p>The above example would be the equivalent of submitting this form:</p>
 * <pre>
 * &lt;form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data"  accept-charset="UTF-8"&gt;
 *     &lt;input type="text" name="field" value="foo" /&gt;
 *     &lt;input type="file" name="icon" /&gt;
 * &lt;/form&gt;
 * </pre>
 */
public class MultiPartContentProvider extends AbstractTypedContentProvider implements AsyncContentProvider, Closeable
{
    private static final Logger LOG = Log.getLogger(MultiPartContentProvider.class);
    private static final byte[] COLON_SPACE_BYTES = new byte[]{':', ' '};
    private static final byte[] CR_LF_BYTES = new byte[]{'\r', '\n'};

    private final List<Part> parts = new ArrayList<>();
    private final ByteBuffer firstBoundary;
    private final ByteBuffer middleBoundary;
    private final ByteBuffer onlyBoundary;
    private final ByteBuffer lastBoundary;
    private final AtomicBoolean closed = new AtomicBoolean();
    private Listener listener;
    private long length = -1;

    public MultiPartContentProvider()
    {
        this(makeBoundary());
    }

    public MultiPartContentProvider(String boundary)
    {
        super("multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
        String firstBoundaryLine = "--" + boundary + "\r\n";
        this.firstBoundary = ByteBuffer.wrap(firstBoundaryLine.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
        String middleBoundaryLine = "\r\n" + firstBoundaryLine;
        this.middleBoundary = ByteBuffer.wrap(middleBoundaryLine.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
        String onlyBoundaryLine = "--" + boundary + "--\r\n";
        this.onlyBoundary = ByteBuffer.wrap(onlyBoundaryLine.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
        String lastBoundaryLine = "\r\n" + onlyBoundaryLine;
        this.lastBoundary = ByteBuffer.wrap(lastBoundaryLine.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
    }

    private static String makeBoundary()
    {
        Random random = new Random();
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("JettyHttpClientBoundary");
        int length = builder.length();
        while (builder.length() < length + 16)
        {
            long rnd = random.nextLong();
            builder.append(Long.toString(rnd < 0 ? -rnd : rnd, 36));
        }
        builder.setLength(length + 16);
        return builder.toString();
    }

    /**
     * <p>Adds a field part with the given {@code name} as field name, and the given
     * {@code content} as part content.</p>
     * <p>The {@code Content-Type} of this part will be obtained from:</p>
     * <ul>
     * <li>the {@code Content-Type} header in the {@code fields} parameter; otherwise</li>
     * <li>the {@link org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.ContentProvider.Typed#getContentType()} method if the {@code content} parameter
     * implements {@link org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.ContentProvider.Typed}; otherwise</li>
     * <li>"text/plain"</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param name the part name
     * @param content the part content
     * @param fields the headers associated with this part
     */
    public void addFieldPart(String name, ContentProvider content, HttpFields fields)
    {
        addPart(new Part(name, null, "text/plain", content, fields));
    }

    /**
     * <p>Adds a file part with the given {@code name} as field name, the given
     * {@code fileName} as file name, and the given {@code content} as part content.</p>
     * <p>The {@code Content-Type} of this part will be obtained from:</p>
     * <ul>
     * <li>the {@code Content-Type} header in the {@code fields} parameter; otherwise</li>
     * <li>the {@link org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.ContentProvider.Typed#getContentType()} method if the {@code content} parameter
     * implements {@link org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.ContentProvider.Typed}; otherwise</li>
     * <li>"application/octet-stream"</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param name the part name
     * @param fileName the file name associated to this part
     * @param content the part content
     * @param fields the headers associated with this part
     */
    public void addFilePart(String name, String fileName, ContentProvider content, HttpFields fields)
    {
        addPart(new Part(name, fileName, "application/octet-stream", content, fields));
    }

    private void addPart(Part part)
    {
        parts.add(part);
        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
            LOG.debug("Added {}", part);
    }

    @Override
    public void setListener(Listener listener)
    {
        this.listener = listener;
        if (closed.get())
            this.length = calculateLength();
    }

    private long calculateLength()
    {
        // Compute the length, if possible.
        if (parts.isEmpty())
        {
            return onlyBoundary.remaining();
        }
        else
        {
            long result = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < parts.size(); ++i)
            {
                result += (i == 0) ? firstBoundary.remaining() : middleBoundary.remaining();
                Part part = parts.get(i);
                long partLength = part.length;
                result += partLength;
                if (partLength < 0)
                {
                    result = -1;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (result > 0)
                result += lastBoundary.remaining();
            return result;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public long getLength()
    {
        return length;
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<ByteBuffer> iterator()
    {
        return new MultiPartIterator();
    }

    @Override
    public void close()
    {
        closed.compareAndSet(false, true);
    }

    private static class Part
    {
        private final String name;
        private final String fileName;
        private final String contentType;
        private final ContentProvider content;
        private final HttpFields fields;
        private final ByteBuffer headers;
        private final long length;

        private Part(String name, String fileName, String contentType, ContentProvider content, HttpFields fields)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.fileName = fileName;
            this.contentType = contentType;
            this.content = content;
            this.fields = fields;
            this.headers = headers();
            this.length = content.getLength() < 0 ? -1 : headers.remaining() + content.getLength();
        }

        private ByteBuffer headers()
        {
            try
            {
                // Compute the Content-Disposition.
                String contentDisposition = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"";
                if (fileName != null)
                    contentDisposition += "; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"";
                contentDisposition += "\r\n";

                // Compute the Content-Type.
                String contentType = fields == null ? null : fields.get(HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE);
                if (contentType == null)
                {
                    if (content instanceof Typed)
                        contentType = ((Typed)content).getContentType();
                    else
                        contentType = this.contentType;
                }
                contentType = "Content-Type: " + contentType + "\r\n";

                if (fields == null || fields.size() == 0)
                {
                    String headers = contentDisposition;
                    headers += contentType;
                    headers += "\r\n";
                    return ByteBuffer.wrap(headers.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                }

                ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream((fields.size() + 1) * contentDisposition.length());
                buffer.write(contentDisposition.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                buffer.write(contentType.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                for (HttpField field : fields)
                {
                    if (HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE.equals(field.getHeader()))
                        continue;
                    buffer.write(field.getName().getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
                    buffer.write(COLON_SPACE_BYTES);
                    String value = field.getValue();
                    if (value != null)
                        buffer.write(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                    buffer.write(CR_LF_BYTES);
                }
                buffer.write(CR_LF_BYTES);
                return ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer.toByteArray());
            }
            catch (IOException x)
            {
                throw new RuntimeIOException(x);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public String toString()
        {
            return String.format("%s@%x[name=%s,fileName=%s,length=%d,headers=%s]",
                getClass().getSimpleName(),
                hashCode(),
                name,
                fileName,
                content.getLength(),
                fields);
        }
    }

    private class MultiPartIterator implements Iterator<ByteBuffer>, Synchronizable, Callback, Closeable
    {
        private Iterator<ByteBuffer> iterator;
        private int index;
        private State state = State.FIRST_BOUNDARY;

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext()
        {
            return state != State.COMPLETE;
        }

        @Override
        public ByteBuffer next()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                switch (state)
                {
                    case FIRST_BOUNDARY:
                    {
                        if (parts.isEmpty())
                        {
                            state = State.COMPLETE;
                            return onlyBoundary.slice();
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            state = State.HEADERS;
                            return firstBoundary.slice();
                        }
                    }
                    case HEADERS:
                    {
                        Part part = parts.get(index);
                        ContentProvider content = part.content;
                        if (content instanceof AsyncContentProvider)
                            ((AsyncContentProvider)content).setListener(listener);
                        iterator = content.iterator();
                        state = State.CONTENT;
                        return part.headers.slice();
                    }
                    case CONTENT:
                    {
                        if (iterator.hasNext())
                            return iterator.next();
                        ++index;
                        if (index == parts.size())
                            state = State.LAST_BOUNDARY;
                        else
                            state = State.MIDDLE_BOUNDARY;
                        break;
                    }
                    case MIDDLE_BOUNDARY:
                    {
                        state = State.HEADERS;
                        return middleBoundary.slice();
                    }
                    case LAST_BOUNDARY:
                    {
                        state = State.COMPLETE;
                        return lastBoundary.slice();
                    }
                    case COMPLETE:
                    {
                        throw new NoSuchElementException();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        @Override
        public Object getLock()
        {
            if (iterator instanceof Synchronizable)
                return ((Synchronizable)iterator).getLock();
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public void succeeded()
        {
            if (iterator instanceof Callback)
                ((Callback)iterator).succeeded();
        }

        @Override
        public void failed(Throwable x)
        {
            if (iterator instanceof Callback)
                ((Callback)iterator).failed(x);
        }

        @Override
        public void close() throws IOException
        {
            if (iterator instanceof Closeable)
                ((Closeable)iterator).close();
        }
    }

    private enum State
    {
        FIRST_BOUNDARY, HEADERS, CONTENT, MIDDLE_BOUNDARY, LAST_BOUNDARY, COMPLETE
    }
}
